With the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the subsequent Russian-Ukrainian war that

began in 2022, the discussion on the Russian violation of the Budapest Memorandum has started.

Like Ukraine, with the signing of the Budapest Memorandum in 1994 the Republic of Kazakhstan

received security assurances from nuclear powers: Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

With the content-analysis technique being employed, this paper aims to consider the Budapest

Memorandum from a state practice perspective. The paper will argue that from the perspective of

state practice, many disappointments and regrets over the Budapest memorandum have been expressed.