This article explores the legal status of women in Islamic countries through the lens of Sharia law, with a particular focus on Afghanistan after 2021. By analyzing current restrictions on education, employment, and freedom of movement, the author uncovers mechanisms of systemic discrimination institutionalized under religious justifications. Comparing the Afghan case with the situation of women in other Muslim-majority states, the paper raises critical questions about the political interpretation of Sharia and its role in sustaining gender inequality. The study highlights the contradiction between traditional legal norms and universal human rights standards established by international law.