The article systematically analyzes the importance of the 2001 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Convention onCombating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism as a key element of the regional security system. The study is structuredaround three main areas: First, it examines the normative novelty of the Convention, with an emphasis on its originaldefinition of the "three forces of evil" and a multi-level system of obligations. Secondly, the effectiveness of implementation mechanisms is analyzed, confirmed through the activities of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure(RATS), international cooperative networks and typical examples of practical application. Thirdly, strategies are proposedto respond to modern challenges, including differences in law enforcement, human rights disputes, and other technicaldifficulties. The results of the study show that the Convention, based on the "priority of sovereignty + preventiveapproach" management model, has successfully formed the most effective anti-crisis legal architecture in Eurasia. Given the inclusion of new issues such as digital security, the Convention will continue to serve as a model for a regionalapproach to global security management.